{"id":602,"date":"2024-05-12T21:52:47","date_gmt":"2024-05-12T13:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/?p=602"},"modified":"2024-05-12T21:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-12T13:57:13","slug":"silikon-karbidin-t%c9%99rifi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/silicon-carbide-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Silikon Karbidin T\u0259rifi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Silikon karbid (SiC) s\u0259rt, sintetik yolla \u0259ld\u0259 olunan kristal birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259dir. O, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 a\u015f\u0131nmaya davaml\u0131 material kimi, refrakterl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 keramika t\u0259tbiql\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur, h\u0259m\u00e7inin i\u015f\u0131q yayan diodlar (LED) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici substrat rolunu oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EFM yar\u0131mke\u00e7iricil\u0259ri h\u0259m\u00e7inin elektrik n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin (EV) enerji qur\u011fular\u0131nda rast g\u0259lin\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259rginlikli m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi silikon yar\u0131mke\u00e7iricil\u0259rd\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131xaraq, g\u0259rginlik v\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan itkil\u0259rini minimalla\u015fd\u0131rmaqla, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kini azaltmaqla vacib batareya idar\u0259etm\u0259 komponentl\u0259rini ki\u00e7ild\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k \u00fcst\u00fcn performans t\u0259min edib.<\/p>\n

Silikon karbid<\/h2>\n

Silikon karbid silisium v\u0259 karbondan ibar\u0259t inert keramika birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir. Mohs s\u0259rtlik d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si 9 olan bu madd\u0259 yaln\u0131z bor karbidind\u0259n (9,5) v\u0259 almazdan (10) sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yerd\u0259dir. Silikon karbid kimy\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n inert qalmaqla y\u00fcks\u0259k mexaniki davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa malikdir; bu da onu ma\u015f\u0131n al\u0259tl\u0259ri kimi s\u0259rt s\u0259thl\u0259rin qorunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideal edir.<\/p>\n

T\u0259miz karbon nanotublar\u0131 silikon ba\u011flar\u0131 il\u0259 kovalent \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f d\u00f6rd karbon atomundan ibar\u0259t d\u00f6rd karbon tetraedrind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Bu qurulu\u015f m\u00fcxt\u0259lif kristal strukturlar\u0131 v\u0259 fazalar \u00fczr\u0259 polimorfizm\u0259 imkan verir.<\/p>\n

SiC-nin kristal qurulu\u015fu onun \u00fcst\u00fcn elektrik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n elektron t\u0259tbiql\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib olan geni\u015f band bo\u015flu\u011funa malik yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici (WBG) xarakteristikalar\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Daha b\u00f6y\u00fck band bo\u015flu\u011fu elektronlar\u0131n orbitd\u0259n daha s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan ver\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi silikon qur\u011fulara nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k tezlikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fsas material kimi silisium azot, fosfor, gallium, bor v\u0259 al\u00fcminiumla doplanaraq n-tip yar\u0131mke\u00e7iricil\u0259r istehsal edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, silisiumsuz tranzistorlar x\u0259rcl\u0259ri v\u0259 enerji s\u0259rfiyyat\u0131n\u0131 40%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r azalda bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Silikon karbid (SiC) 300 \u00b0C-y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r, bu da elektrik n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fch\u0259rrikl\u0259ri kimi y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturlu m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259la material se\u00e7imi yarad\u0131r. SiC \u00e7\u0259ki, x\u0259rc v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blik \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259n aktiv soyutma sisteml\u0259rin\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131r \u2013 bu is\u0259 bu n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin daha b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259saf\u0259 q\u0259t etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli doldurulmas\u0131na imkan verir.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici<\/h2>\n

Silikon karbid uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir elektronika sah\u0259sind\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 faydal\u0131 ed\u0259n unikal elektrik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Yar\u0131mke\u00e7iricil\u0259r, ke\u00e7irici (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, mis elektrik naqill\u0259ri kimi) v\u0259 izolyasiyaedici (o naqill\u0259ri \u00f6rt\u0259n polimer izolyasiya material\u0131 kimi) funksiyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259r\u0259k, inteqr\u0259 olunmu\u015f sxeml\u0259rin, diodlar v\u0259 tranzistorlar kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r alt\u0131nda elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n diskret elektron komponentl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunan yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici materiallar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir; onlar\u0131n ke\u00e7iriciliyi elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yanlar\u0131, elektromaqnit sah\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 ya i\u015f\u0131q stimulla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Silikon karbid \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi yar\u0131mke\u00e7iricil\u0259rd\u0259n son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 geni\u015f band bo\u015flu\u011fu olmas\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Bu, elektronlar\u0131n valens banddan ke\u00e7irici band\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7ox enerji t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir; n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 silikon karbid \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcc itkil\u0259rin\u0259 malikdir \u2013 y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259rginlikli t\u0259tbiql\u0259rd\u0259, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, elektrik n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin traksiya invertorlar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edildikd\u0259 bu, \u0259v\u0259zedilm\u0259z x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

Silikon karbid s\u0259naye v\u0259 akademiyada uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur: partlatma qumlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 karborundum \u00e7ap al\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n tutmu\u015f istilik, elektrik v\u0259 mexaniki m\u00fch\u0259ndislik t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r. Lakin son zamanlar onun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 termal gen\u0259lm\u0259 \u0259msallar\u0131, y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u00f6hk\u0259mlik-s\u0259rtlik nisb\u0259ti v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n m\u00fchitl\u0259r\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259bat k\u0259skin art\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Keramika<\/h2>\n

Silikon v\u0259 karbon birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l mexaniki, kimy\u0259vi v\u0259 termal x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik c\u0259lbedici bir material yarad\u0131r. O, Mohs s\u0259rtlik \u015fkalas\u0131nda almaz\u0131n s\u0259rtliyinin iki qat\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7atan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259rtlik v\u0259 dig\u0259r refrakter materiallarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcn termal \u015fok m\u00fcqavim\u0259tin\u0259 malikdir.<\/p>\n

Keramika yanmad\u0131qda son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 elastik, lakin bi\u015firm\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 xeyli s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015f\u0259n inorganik, qeyri-metallik materiala aiddir. Keramika m\u00fcxt\u0259lif kateqoriyalar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir; m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n:<\/p>\n

Keramika \u0259sas\u0259n istiliy\u0259 v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi a\u015f\u0131nmaya, korroziyaya davaml\u0131 inorganik material kimi, y\u0259ni refrakter kimi istifad\u0259 olunur. Keramika m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda v\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259rd\u0259 olur v\u0259 s\u0259nayenin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilir. Biyokeramikan\u0131n vacib t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri yan\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 qoruma, superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r v\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n bioloji reaksiyalar\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259sidir. Bioaktiv keramika ya daxild\u0259n bioaktiv ola bil\u0259r, ya da s\u0259th m\u00fcalic\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 ya keramika m\u0259sam\u0259l\u0259rinin farmasevtik aktiv madd\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 doldurulmas\u0131 yolu il\u0259 bu c\u00fcr haz\u0131rlana bil\u0259r. Silikon karbid s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259ni v\u0259 emissiyalar\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azaldan, eyni zamanda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131q, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blik v\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri art\u0131ran aktiv soyutma sisteml\u0259rin\u0259 ehtiyac olmadan y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturlara davam g\u0259tir\u0259n avtomobil \u0259yl\u0259ci disklerinde geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, onun istifad\u0259si bir \u00e7ox a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259sm\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

Avtomobil<\/h2>\n

Silikon karbid (SiC) son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m materiald\u0131r, Mohs s\u0259rtlik \u015fkalas\u0131nda al\u00fcminadan (9) v\u0259 almazdan (10) sonra doqquzuncu yerd\u0259dir. Silikon karbid ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1891-ci ild\u0259 amerikal\u0131 ixtira\u00e7\u0131 Edward Acheson t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u00fcni almaz istehsal etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 sintez olunub, lakin o, karbon v\u0259 al\u00fcminan\u0131n elektrikl\u0259 q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan \u0259rintisi i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 SiC-nin ki\u00e7ik qara kristallar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff edib v\u0259 onlar\u0131 s\u0259naye a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn toz hal\u0131na g\u0259tirib. Nobel m\u00fckafatl\u0131 kimya\u00e7\u0131 Henri Moissan 1905-ci ild\u0259 bu birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 moissanit adlanan \u015f\u0259ffaf mineral kimi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edib.<\/p>\n

Silikon karbidin unikal atom qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri onu diodlar, tranzistorlar v\u0259 g\u00fcc qur\u011fular\u0131 kimi elektron t\u0259tbiql\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideal edir. Onun g\u0259rginlik m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi silikondan on d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259kdir v\u0259 1000 V-dan art\u0131q sisteml\u0259rd\u0259 daha da yax\u015f\u0131 performans g\u00f6st\u0259rir, bu da onu elektrik n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin (EV) doldurma stansiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 enerji idar\u0259etm\u0259 sisteml\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259rginlik t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideal material edir.<\/p>\n

SiC ke\u00e7id s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, DC-d\u0259n DC-y\u0259 \u00e7eviricil\u0259r, g\u00f6vd\u0259\u00fcst\u00fc \u015farj cihazlar\u0131 v\u0259 batareya idar\u0259etm\u0259 sisteml\u0259ri kimi vacib elektrik avtomobili komponentl\u0259rinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kisini azaltma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Bu ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r emissiyas\u0131z s\u00fcrm\u0259ni k\u00fctl\u0259vi istifad\u0259y\u0259 daha da yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r. GlobalData t\u0259hlili silisium karbidini innovativ h\u0259ll\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n texnologiya t\u0259chizat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud avtomobil \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n tutmu\u015f y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259n startaplara q\u0259d\u0259r 10-dan \u00e7ox \u015firk\u0259ti m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n

\"Silikon<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard, synthetically produced crystalline compound widely used as an abrasive and wear-resistant material, in refractories and ceramics applications, as well as being the semiconductor substrate for light emitting diodes (LED). EFM semiconductors also outshone traditional silicon semiconductors in high-voltage environments like those found in electric vehicle (EV) power devices, providing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=602"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":606,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/602\/revisions\/606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbide.net\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}